Solar panel | Solar array serve as devices that change sunlight into using PV cells. They are an green and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, generally used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural heritage, iconic landmarks, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a varied scenery of gentle slopes, historic forts, and busy metropolitan areas that combine history with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the organic radiance emitted by the sun, vital for life on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of power generated by the movement of ions, primarily electrons. It fuels numerous systems and infrastructures, facilitating today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way movement of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, power supplies, and solar cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a device that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into electrical energy to run various electronic devices. It comprises several galvanic units, each comprising anode and cathode interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for household use and grid integration. It is essential for optimizing energy use and ensuring safe, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity periodically, usually used in home and commercial power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to determine the dimension, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that automatically its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are huge installations that harness sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They provide a renewable and sustainable energy resource, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This energy is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess energy generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions commonly employ batteries to offer backup energy, reduce energy costs, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels tracks the development and improvements in solar energy technology from the beginning invention of the solar effect to current high-efficiency solar panels. It showcases key breakthroughs, including the creation of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent innovations that have substantially enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and glow. His tests laid the groundwork for comprehending how light interacts with particular substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US creator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the foundation for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned innovative organization historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its key role in the fabrication of electronics and solar panels. It is a hard, brittle solid substance with a blue-grey sheen, primarily used as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a compact device installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method improves system effectiveness, allows for better performance monitoring, and increases power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that turns sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to supply a green and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a fundamental particle which represents a unit of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It plays a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which particular compounds convert sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furniture, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the identical voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the velocity at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and renewable energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, showing the rate of energy transfer or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per unit charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the derived unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor wire, typically measured in amps. It is essential for powering electronic equipment and facilitating the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and size of power systems to ensure reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for recharging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that transforms DC from supplies like batteries or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It enables the operation of regular electrical equipment in locations where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the power generation of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to align with the peak power point of the solar cells. This procedure guarantees the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that observes and analyzes the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, offering important data on energy production and system condition. It aids enhance solar energy output by detecting faults early and guaranteeing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many tiny silicon lattice structures, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves melting and restructuring silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a continuous crystal structure, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronics. Its homogeneous structure allows for enhanced electron transfer, resulting in higher efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a kind of thin-film solar method that presents a economical and high-performance alternative for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption efficiency and comparatively reduced manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible photovoltaic cells that employ a composite compound of copper, In, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their great light capturing efficiency, bendability, and potential for compact, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are innovative photovoltaic devices that use various p-n connections stacked in unison to capture a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly increasing their efficiency. They are primarily used in space applications and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that generate sunlight into electric power to power onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize focusing elements or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, delivering a cost-effective solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological applications. These layers are vital in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and affordable energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of substance spanning tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics, optical technologies, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are precision devices used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in mechanical engineering and production. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a fine, round section of silicon crystal used as the platform for fabricating semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the fabrication of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are flexible solar units recognized for their superior output and bendability, ideal for diverse applications. They use a layered layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight immediately into electricity with excellent performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into energy using PV cells, providing a sustainable energy source for home, business, and large-scale applications. They deliver a clean, long-lasting, and economical way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that use organic materials, to turn sunlight into electrical power. They are lightweight, flexible, and provide cost-effective, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic material used in layer solar modules due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an attractive option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and glazing. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations overview various extensive solar energy facilities around the world, showcasing their capacities and sites. These facilities serve a important role in renewable energy production and international efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive systems that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, decreasing environmental impact and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the chief energy sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electricity. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as lead, mercury, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance indicates how well a solar panel converts sunlight into usable power. Improving this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to speedily determine their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This growth is transforming the world energy sector by raising the share of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent device that refracts light to focus or spread out rays, creating images. It is frequently used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the crispness and illumination of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels negate each other, causing a diminution or full disappearance of the combined wave. This phenomenon generally happens when the waveforms are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, allowing efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a small component used to transform DC from a single solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It boosts system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the module level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a network where the potential difference and electric flow regularly reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in households and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a category of electrical coupling used to deliver DC power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that provide a firm and dependable link for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international security approval agency that assesses and certifies products to guarantee they adhere to particular safety norms. It assists consumers and businesses find trustworthy and secure products through strict review and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this arrangement, the identical current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to move in a single sense exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, intended to deliver electrical power for different devices and accessories inside of a car. It permits users to recharge electronic electronics or run small appliances while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking peripherals to computers, allowing data transfer and power supply. It accommodates a wide range of hardware such as keypads, mice, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with multiple generations offering faster speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio signals to gamma radiation, each with different wavelengths and power. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It plays a important role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on shades of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to measure the strength of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the dispersion and transfer of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to depict the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a substantial body of atmosphere with relatively even thermal and humidity characteristics, coming from from particular starting regions. These air masses affect weather patterns and air conditions as they pass through diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the assessment of the energy per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dust, and other particles on the panels of solar arrays, which decreases their output. Regular cleaning and servicing are necessary to reduce energy decrease and guarantee maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power output of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak capacity to create electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in photovoltaic modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi-metal element necessary for plant development and employed in multiple industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical traits that make it beneficial in manufacturing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic solar panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of employing land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This method enhances crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a installation that provides shelter while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of numerous solar modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to produce environmentally friendly, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that offers shade and cover from the weather for al fresco areas. It enhances the practicality and look of a patio, making it a comfortable area for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an surveyor to a point of interest. It is often used in navigation, mapping, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an celestial body with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates superb optical features, making it a common option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies features the top manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in driving solar energy integration and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to a billion watt, used to quantify massive electricity production and usage. It is typically associated with power plants, electricity networks, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar energy solutions, focused on making thin film solar panels that provide excellent efficiency and low-cost power generation. The organization is focused on sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly linking various parts of factory and automated systems to improve productivity and reliability. It concentrates on building innovative solutions that promote smooth communication and interoperability among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese corporation specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to represent the capacity of large-scale electricity generation or usage. It highlights the immense energy magnitude involved in current power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the unit cost decreases as cumulative output grows, due to learning curve and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of stored knowledge in reducing costs and boosting output in production and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy technologies are economically comparable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a system of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, business, and industrial settings to create clean, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy items features a variety of gadgets that capture sunlight to produce energy, promoting eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These items include ranging from solar power banks and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, providing versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a plant that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses or mirrors focusing solar radiation on highly efficient solar cells, significantly boosting power output using a smaller area. This technology is highly suitable where intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |