Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as instruments that change sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an green and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its abundant cultural legacy, iconic landmarks, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a mixed terrain of rolling hills, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic light emitted by the sun, essential for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a type of power resulting from the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels countless devices and networks, enabling contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that holds chemical energy and transforms it into current to operate various electronic gadgets. It includes multiple electrochemical cells, each comprising electrode pairs divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that transforms DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for domestic use and grid connection. It is essential for maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring safe, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity regularly, usually used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It provides efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to ascertain the dimension, amount, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, temperature sensors, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale plants that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a renewable and sustainable energy resource, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These installations commonly employ batteries to offer backup power, lower energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of photovoltaic cells chronicles the progress and advancements in solar power technology from the initial discovery of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-efficiency solar arrays. It showcases significant innovations, including the invention of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have significantly boosted energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic scientist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His tests laid the basis for comprehending how illumination interacts with specific materials to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US innovator who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned innovative entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronic components and solar cells. It is a hard, breakable crystalline material with a blue-grey shine, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little component installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method enhances system effectiveness, facilitates improved performance oversight, and improves energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to supply a sustainable and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a elementary particle that represents a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It plays a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which certain materials turn sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the harnessing of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the rate at which electrical energy is conveyed by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a unit of energy conversion in the metric system, indicating the rate of energy flow or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the work per individual charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor, usually measured in amperes. It is essential for energizing electronic gadgets and allowing the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electric flow in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the layout and power of power systems to ensure reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a easy and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for recharging and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that transforms DC from inputs like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It enables the use of common electrical appliances in locations where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as an collection of multiple individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the day, enhancing solar energy capture. This technology increases the performance of solar energy collection by maintaining best panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power generation of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to correspond to the peak power point of the solar panels. This process ensures the most efficient power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that observes and evaluates the efficiency of solar panel systems in instantaneous, offering useful data on energy production and system status. It helps enhance solar energy output by identifying issues early and guaranteeing highest output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many tiny silicon crystals, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium type of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its homogeneous framework allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in higher performance compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a type of film solar system that provides a economical and high-performance solution for large-scale solar energy production. They are known as their excellent absorption efficiency and relatively affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar devices that employ a layered material of copper, In, Ga, and selenium to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their great absorption effectiveness, bendability, and possibility for compact, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize multiple p-n connections stacked together to absorb a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are primarily applied in space satellites and advanced solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that generate solar radiation into electricity to operate onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, providing a cost-effective approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a portable, economical alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological fields. These layers are important in electronic systems, optical systems, and coverings for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a layer of compound ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronic devices, optics, and medical applications, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate gauges used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or widths, typically in machining and production. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, circular slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the creation of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices recognized for their excellent performance and bendability, ideal for diverse applications. They employ a multilayer semiconductor structure that converts sunlight immediately into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using PV cells, offering a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and large-scale applications. They offer a eco-friendly, long-lasting, and economical way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based molecules, to transform solar radiation into electrical power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and enable cost-effective, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising photovoltaic compound used in thin-film solar modules due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, building exteriors, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a transparent film to the inside or outside of cars or structures windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations information various massive solar energy plants around the planet, demonstrating their power and sites. These plants play a important role in green energy generation and worldwide efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive installations that convert sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are essential in clean energy production, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable option to traditional fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the chief fuels for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as Pb, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how efficiently a solar panel transforms sunlight into convertible energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This expansion is transforming the global energy landscape by raising the portion of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power installations built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through instrument that refracts light to focus or separate rays, forming images. It is commonly used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It improves the clarity and illumination of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a reduction or complete elimination of the combined wave. This occurrence typically happens when the waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, permitting effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a small entity used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It boosts system efficiency by maximizing power output at the module level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the potential difference and current cyclically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical plug used to supply DC power from a power supply to an electronic device. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that ensure a secure and dependable connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global safety validation body that evaluates and approves products to guarantee they comply with certain security requirements. It supports consumers and businesses identify trustworthy and secure products through strict assessment and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the constant current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows components to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a electronic device that allows current to move in a single direction exclusively, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, designed to supply electrical energy for different devices and add-ons within a automobile. It permits users to recharge electronic gadgets or use small electronics when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking peripherals to PCs, allowing data transfer and power supply. It accommodates a variety of peripherals such as keyboards, mice, external storage devices, and cell phones, with different generations delivering higher speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy production and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, spanning from wireless signals to gamma rays, featuring varied wavelengths and energy levels. This spectrum is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural events, allowing communication, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It plays a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on shades of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the intensity of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the distribution and transfer of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a large mass of air's with relatively uniform temperature and moisture characteristics, coming from from particular starting areas. These air masses affect weather patterns and atmospheric conditions as they move across diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the type of solar rays. It changes with solar phenomena and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the accumulation of debris, and impurities on the panels of solar panels, which reduces their efficiency. Routine maintenance and care are necessary to limit energy waste and maintain optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It poses a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the highest power output of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak capacity to generate electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications to ensure proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in photovoltaic modules where increased voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid chemical element essential for plant development and employed in different industrial applications, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that cause it beneficial in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of employing land for both solar energy output and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides cover while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of multiple solar panels arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to deliver clean, eco-friendly power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that provides shade and cover from the weather for exterior areas. It improves the functionality and look of a terrace, making it a comfortable zone for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an surveyor to a point of interest. It is commonly used in routing, surveying, and astrophysics to define the bearing of an object in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It demonstrates excellent optical characteristics, making it a preferred option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in promoting solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of energy output equal to one billion W, used to quantify large-scale electricity production and usage. It is generally associated with electricity stations, national grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, expert in making thin film solar modules that offer high-performance and economical power generation. The firm is committed to eco-friendly energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly integrating various elements of manufacturing and automation systems to enhance productivity and trustworthiness. It aims on building cutting-edge solutions that facilitate efficient communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese company expert in manufacturing and innovating solar-powered solar products and solutions. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to describe the potential of massively scaled power generation or consumption. It emphasizes the vast power scale involved in modern energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production reduces as overall production increases, due to learning curve and efficiencies achieved over time. This effect highlights the significance of learned skills in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, renewable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the price of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy sources are financially competitive with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a system of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the solar radiation using solar cells to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It represents a green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, business, and industrial settings to generate renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing green energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a selection of devices that harness sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These items include covering solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, delivering versatile solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight on advanced photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting power output using a compact footprint. This technology works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides a promising approach to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |