| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as instruments that change sunlight into using solar cells. These are an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, usually used for water heating or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural traditions, famous sights, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a varied terrain of rolling hills, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that blend history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the organic light emitted by the sun, essential for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a type of energy generated by the motion of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable appliances and systems, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the one-way movement of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a device that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into current to run various electronic gadgets. It comprises one or more electrochemical units, each housing anode and cathode divided by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into AC appropriate for domestic use and utility connection. It is vital for maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring reliable, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity periodically, generally used in residential and industrial power supplies. It permits optimal transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a tool used to ascertain the size, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like rulers, climate gauges, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are massive facilities that capture sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a renewable and eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This power is then beamed to Earth for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess electricity generated from green sources or the power grid for later use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to offer backup energy, reduce energy costs, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells documents the development and improvements in solar energy tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to current high-efficiency solar arrays. It highlights major breakthroughs, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have significantly enhanced energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession noted for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His tests laid the foundation for comprehending how illumination interacts with specific substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American innovator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned R&D organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its crucial role in the production of electronics and solar cells. It is a solid, fragile solid substance with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach enhances system performance, allows for enhanced performance oversight, and increases energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in photovoltaic systems to supply a renewable and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon is a elementary particle that represents a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds transform sunlight straight into electricity through the production of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar cell technology, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the speed at which electricity is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the SI system, representing the rate of energy movement or conversion. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which drives the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the energy per single charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of voltage, voltage difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the movement of electric charge through a metal wire, usually measured in amps. It is crucial for powering electronic gadgets and enabling the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere serves as the standard of electric current in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electric charge through a conductor over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and size of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for recharging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that converts DC from supplies like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It enables the use of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the position of solar modules to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, enhancing power intake. This innovation improves the effectiveness of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the working point to align with the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology provides the best performance power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and analyzes the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, delivering useful data on power output and system condition. It aids maximize solar energy output by spotting problems early and securing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to power homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many tiny silicon crystal structures, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a high-purity variant of silicon with a single crystal structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its homogeneous framework allows for improved electron flow, resulting in better functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a category of thin film solar method that provides a economical and high-performance option for massive solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their excellent absorption efficiency and comparatively reduced manufacturing fees in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that utilize a layered compound of copper, In, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their excellent light capturing efficiency, flexibility, and possibility for portable, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered atomic configuration, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its affordability and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that employ various p-n connections stacked together to capture a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. These are primarily applied in space missions and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that generate sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, offering a economical solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in various technological uses. These films are essential in electronic systems, optics, and coatings for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of substance ranging from fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in depth, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or widths, commonly in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a narrow, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the platform for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the foundational material in the manufacture of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are compact solar units famous for their excellent performance and adaptability, ideal for multiple fields. They use a layered layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight straight into power with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, supplying a green energy source for home, commercial, and grid applications. They provide a clean, renewable, and economical way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that use carbon-based compounds, to turn sunlight into electric power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and provide lower-cost, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising photovoltaic substance used in laminate solar panels due to its abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as rooftops, outer walls, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a thin film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations information various extensive solar energy plants around the globe, showcasing their output and positions. These stations play a important role in sustainable energy generation and global efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive systems that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, wind, and water. It offers a renewable alternative to traditional fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are depleted when used. They are the primary power sources for power production and transportation but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electricity. This process usually takes place in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how well a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable electrical power. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This development is transforming the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent device that refracts light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It boosts the clarity and brightness of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their wave heights negate each other, causing a diminution or total eradication of the combined wave. This occurrence generally happens when the waveforms are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern over time, allowing effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature entity used to change DC from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It enhances system efficiency by optimizing power output at the module level and eases setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a category of electrical coupling used to provide direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a firm and trustworthy link for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide protection approval agency that assesses and certifies products to confirm they adhere to certain safety norms. It helps consumers and businesses recognize trustworthy and safe products through strict evaluation and examination methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the identical current passes through all elements, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode is a electronic device that permits current to flow in a single direction exclusively, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical energy for different devices and attachments within a automobile. It allows users to power electronic devices or run small devices when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking peripherals to computers, enabling information exchange and power delivery. It backs a broad spectrum of peripherals such as keypads, mice, external storage, and cell phones, with multiple versions providing faster speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio signals to gamma radiation, featuring diverse wavelengths and energies. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, allowing signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a important role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a sole hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining steady color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to calculate the strength of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular surface, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the distribution and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is often used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of air's with relatively consistent temp and humidity properties, originating from specific source areas. These airmass influence weather systems and sky situations as they travel over various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the power per unit area received from the Sun in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the collection of dirt, and other particles on the exterior of solar arrays, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and servicing are essential to limit energy waste and guarantee optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power generation of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak potential to produce electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi-metal chemical element crucial for plant growth and applied in various industrial uses, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that cause it valuable in creating long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of employing land for both solar energy output and cultivation, making the most of space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shelter while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of several solar modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to generate renewable, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that offers shade and cover from the conditions for exterior areas. It improves the usability and look of a terrace, making it a pleasant space for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a target object. It is often used in navigation, mapping, and astronomy to define the bearing of an celestial body relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a common option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in promoting solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess massive electricity production and consumption. It is commonly associated with electricity stations, power grids, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar energy solutions, expert in producing thin film-based solar cells that offer high-performance and low-cost power output. The company is committed to sustainable energy development and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in effortlessly connecting various components of industrial and automated systems to boost productivity and trustworthiness. It focuses on developing advanced solutions that enable seamless communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese-based corporation expert in producing and developing photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, often used to represent the ability of large-scale electricity generation or consumption. It highlights the vast power scale involved in contemporary power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost drops as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies achieved over time. This concept highlights the significance of accumulated experience in reducing costs and improving productivity in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that sustainable energy technologies are financially comparable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a network of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is delivered through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the sun's rays using PV panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It is a green, renewable, and planet-friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, business, and industrial settings to generate renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered items features a variety of gadgets that utilize sunlight to convert energy, promoting eco-friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include covering solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, offering versatile options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize lenses plus reflectors focusing sunlight on advanced photovoltaic cells, considerably boosting power output from a smaller area. This technology is particularly effective where direct, strong sunlight and provides an innovative way to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
