| Solar panel | Solar panel act as devices that convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells. These are an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, generally used for water heating or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, famous sights, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a varied terrain of gentle slopes, old castles, and bustling urban centers that mix history with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, essential for existence on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a kind of energy generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable appliances and infrastructures, facilitating contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into current to operate various electronic gadgets. It consists of multiple electrochemical cells, each comprising anode and cathode divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for household use and grid integration. It is essential for optimizing energy use and providing safe, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips direction cyclically, usually used in residential and business power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to measure the size, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, climate gauges, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale facilities that capture sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess power generated from renewable energy or the power grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to offer backup energy, reduce energy expenses, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels chronicles the advancement and innovations in solar energy tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar panels. It highlights key breakthroughs, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have significantly improved power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His research laid the basis for grasping how radiation interacts with particular media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US innovator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned research and development organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its essential role in the fabrication of electronics and solar modules. It is a hard, brittle crystal material with a blue-grey sheen, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact unit installed on each solar panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system performance, facilitates improved performance monitoring, and increases energy yield in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar module is a component that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to provide a green and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle which represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It serves a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which certain materials convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic foundation behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and permanent equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as occupants, fixtures, and external influences. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power is the velocity at which electricity is conveyed by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a unit of energy conversion in the SI system, representing the speed of energy movement or conversion. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which causes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the energy per single charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A volt is the derived unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electricity through a conductor wire, typically measured in A. It is essential for supplying electronic gadgets and allowing the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp is the unit of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and size of power systems to guarantee safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and standardized method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for recharging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that changes DC from supplies like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the use of regular electrical equipment in settings where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack is a collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the position of photovoltaic panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the effectiveness of solar energy collection by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the power output of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the operating point to align with the optimal power point of the solar panels. This procedure guarantees the best performance energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, providing valuable data on energy production and system condition. It aids optimize solar energy generation by identifying issues early and ensuring optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless small silicon crystals, commonly used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its production involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium type of silicon with a continuous crystal structure, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its uniform formation allows for enhanced electron transfer, resulting in higher functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a kind of thin-film solar technology that presents a cost-effective and efficient solution for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their great absorption efficiency and moderately low manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that use a layered compound of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into power efficiently. They are known for their great light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and potential for lightweight, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular arrangement, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is often used in solar panels and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that use various p-n junctions stacked together to absorb a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. These are primarily applied in space satellites and advanced solar power systems due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that convert solar radiation into electricity to power onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or mirrors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technique is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, offering a economical solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological uses. These coatings are vital in electronic devices, light manipulation, and films for their unique physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a stratum of compound covering fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in depth, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optics, and medicine, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, generally in machining and manufacturing. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a slender, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the base for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the production of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are flexible solar units famous for their superior output and flexibility, ideal for multiple fields. They use a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight immediately into electricity with outstanding performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, supplying a green energy source for household, industrial, and grid applications. They offer a clean, sustainable, and economical way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that utilize organic materials, to transform solar radiation into electrical power. They are lightweight, flexible, and provide cost-effective, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous photovoltaic material used in layer solar panels due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an attractive option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, building exteriors, and windows. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a thin film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices glazing to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations information various extensive solar energy plants around the world, showcasing their capacities and locations. These plants serve a crucial role in renewable energy generation and international efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive systems that transform sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are constantly replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable alternative to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing environmental impact and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are depleted when used. They are the primary fuels for power production and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process generally happens in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as plumbum, mercury, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how effectively a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable electrical energy. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is key for increasing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This development is changing the world energy sector by raising the share of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a clear instrument that bending light to bring together or diverge rays, forming images. It is often used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It improves the clarity and illumination of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a diminution or full disappearance of the combined wave. This phenomenon usually happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern over time, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact entity used to change DC from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric current regularly reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in households and factories to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to provide DC power from a power source to an electronic device. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that guarantee a reliable and consistent attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international safety certification agency that assesses and approves products to guarantee they adhere to certain security requirements. It assists consumers and firms identify dependable and protected products through rigorous assessment and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all parts, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode acts as a solid-state device that permits current to pass in a single direction only, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, designed to supply electrical energy for various devices and attachments inside a vehicle. It allows users to power electronic electronics or use small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking hardware to PCs, enabling data transmission and power supply. It backs a wide range of peripherals such as input devices, pointer devices, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with various revisions offering faster speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy output and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from wireless signals to gamma radiation, each with diverse wavelengths and power. This band is fundamental to numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, allowing signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the sun. It has a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to quantify the intensity of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the dispersion and movement of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the spread of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of air's with fairly consistent thermal and humidity characteristics, coming from from certain source areas. These air masses influence climate trends and atmospheric states as they pass through diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the manner of solar rays. It varies with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, impacting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their output. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are essential to reduce energy waste and maintain maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to create electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to check the electrical potential between two points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi metallic element crucial for plant development and used in various industrial applications, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses special chemical traits that render it beneficial in manufacturing long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant collects sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of utilizing land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This approach improves crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shade while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of several photovoltaic modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to generate clean, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that delivers shade and protection from the elements for al fresco areas. It improves the functionality and visual charm of a patio, making it a cozy space for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, mapping, and astrophysics to specify the direction of an target relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical properties, making it a common option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy adoption and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess big electricity output and utilization. It is commonly associated with power plants, electricity networks, and major energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV energy solutions, focused on producing thin-film solar modules that provide high-performance and affordable power output. The company is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly integrating various components of manufacturing and automation systems to improve efficiency and dependability. It focuses on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote seamless communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese company expert in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. Famous for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to represent the potential of massively scaled power production or usage. It underscores the huge energy scale involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production drops as total output rises, due to learning and optimization gained over time. This effect highlights the value of stored knowledge in cutting expenses and boosting output in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy is the same as or less than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that sustainable energy sources are financially competitive with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the standard electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a grid of power lines, providing a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for securing the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the sun's rays using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It is a green, renewable, and eco-conscious source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, corporate, and manufacturing environments to create renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy goods features a variety of gadgets that capture sunlight to convert energy, promoting green and renewable living. These items include ranging from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, providing versatile options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a facility that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses plus mirrors to focus sunlight onto high-performance photovoltaic cells, considerably enhancing energy capture from a smaller area. This technology is particularly effective in areas with intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
