| Solar panel | Solar array act as devices that change sunlight to electricity using PV cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, generally used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural legacy, famous sights, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a varied landscape of gentle slopes, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that combine tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the organic radiance emitted by the star, vital for existence on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power resulting from the motion of charged particles, primarily electrons. It fuels countless devices and infrastructures, supporting today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to power various electronic gadgets. It includes multiple electrochemical units, each comprising positive and negative electrodes separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green power option that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and grid integration. It is essential for optimizing energy use and ensuring reliable, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity cyclically, usually used in domestic and business power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to ascertain the size, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, climate gauges, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that harness sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They offer a renewable and renewable energy resource, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic panels on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the power grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to offer backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells tracks the progress and advancements in solar power tech from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to current advanced solar arrays. It features significant milestones, including the invention of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have significantly boosted energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the groundwork for comprehending how radiation interacts with specific materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States creator who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the basis for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned research and development entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar panels. It is a solid, fragile crystalline substance with a bluish-gray metallic luster, primarily used as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact component installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method improves system efficiency, facilitates enhanced system tracking, and boosts energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a component that transforms sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to supply a renewable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle that represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without having rest mass. It has a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which particular compounds turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic concept behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the capturing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of building components and permanent equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as occupants, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the speed at which electric power is transferred by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a measure of power in the SI system, showing the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per unit charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A volt is the derived unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electric charge through a conductor, commonly measured in amps. It is crucial for powering electronic equipment and facilitating the functioning of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp serves as the unit of electric flow in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and size of power systems to ensure secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for powering and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from inputs like accumulators or solar arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the application of standard electrical devices in environments where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the angle of solar panels to follow the sun movement throughout the daytime, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology boosts the effectiveness of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to maximize the power output of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the performance point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar cells. This methodology guarantees the highest efficiency energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of solar panel systems in real-time, delivering useful data on energy production and system health. It aids optimize solar energy output by detecting issues promptly and guaranteeing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless minute silicon crystals, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline form suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium type of silicon with a continuous crystal structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronics. Its homogeneous structure allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in superior efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a kind of film solar system that presents a affordable and high-performance option for massive solar energy production. They are known as their excellent absorption efficiency and moderately affordable manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar devices that employ a composite material of copper, In, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into power efficiently. They are recognized for their high absorption effectiveness, bendability, and capability for lightweight, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered molecular structure, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its economic advantage and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n junctions arranged in unison to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space satellites and high-performance solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that generate sunlight into electric power to supply onboard systems. Usually lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for massive solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, providing a cost-effective option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in multiple technological uses. These layers are important in electronic devices, optics, and films for their particular physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a stratum of material covering tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronic devices, optics, and medicine, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision gauges used to accurately measure tiny gaps or depths, generally in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the substrate for constructing semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the production of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices recognized for their superior output and flexibility, making them suitable for multiple fields. They utilize a stratified layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight straight into electricity with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into energy using PV cells, offering a sustainable energy source for residential, industrial, and grid applications. They provide a eco-friendly, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that use organic materials, to convert sun's energy into electricity. They are easy to handle, pliable, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous semiconductor compound used in thin-film solar cells due to its plentiful and harmless elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as roofing, building exteriors, and glazing. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to scatter through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a light film to the inside or outside of cars or structures windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations information various massive solar energy facilities around the world, demonstrating their capacities and positions. These plants play a important role in sustainable energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive facilities that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, cutting dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, breezes, and water. It offers a eco-friendly solution to non-renewable energy sources, reducing ecological footprint and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the primary power sources for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electricity for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as Pb, Hg, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable electrical electricity. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This development is revolutionizing the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear instrument that refracts light to focus or separate rays, creating images. It is commonly used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It improves the clarity and illumination of lenses by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in such a way that their wave heights cancel each other out, resulting in a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This event typically happens when these waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern over time, allowing effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a small component used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It boosts system efficiency by maximizing power output at the panel level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage level and current periodically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in homes and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to provide DC power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that guarantee a reliable and consistent connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international security validation organization that evaluates and endorses products to guarantee they meet specific safety standards. It assists consumers and companies identify trustworthy and protected products through rigorous review and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode serves as a electronic device that allows current to pass in one sense exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, designed to supply electrical energy for multiple devices and add-ons inside a vehicle. It enables users to recharge electronic electronics or operate small devices during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting devices to PCs, facilitating data transfer and power supply. It supports a wide range of hardware such as keyboards, mouses, external drives, and mobile phones, with various generations offering higher speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy production and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring different lengths and power. This band is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing data exchange, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It plays a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on variations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the strength of radiation or power received or emitted over a particular surface, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the distribution and transfer of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to depict the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a substantial volume of air's with relatively consistent temperature and humidity features, coming from from particular source zones. These air masses impact weather patterns and air conditions as they pass through different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the power per unit area received from the Sun in the manner of solar rays. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of debris, and impurities on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their performance. Routine maintenance and maintenance are important to minimize energy decrease and ensure optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the maximum power output of a solar module under ideal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak potential to generate electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to ensure proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid chemical element essential for plant growth and applied in different industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical properties that cause it beneficial in creating robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant captures sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and farming, making the most of space and resources. This method boosts crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shelter while creating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a group of multiple photovoltaic modules designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to produce clean, eco-friendly power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that provides shade and protection from the weather for exterior areas. It boosts the usability and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a cozy area for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a target object. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and astrophysics to indicate the bearing of an object in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material widely used in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and affordability. It exhibits outstanding optical characteristics, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to assess big energy output and consumption. It is typically associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film solar panels that provide high efficiency and affordable power generation. The firm is focused on sustainable renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly linking various elements of industrial and automated systems to improve productivity and reliability. It focuses on creating advanced solutions that promote seamless communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent Chinese firm specializing in manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to indicate the ability of massive electricity production or consumption. It underscores the immense energy extent involved in contemporary energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost decreases as overall production rises, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of accumulated experience in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy is the same as or less than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are cost-effectively comparable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a system of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the optimum and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It represents a renewable, sustainable, and planet-friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, commercial, and manufacturing sites to generate clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy goods features a range of devices that utilize sunlight to produce energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and renewable living. These solutions include everything from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, delivering versatile solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a facility that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses plus reflectors focusing solar radiation on high-performance solar cells, considerably boosting power output using less space. This technology works well where bright, direct sunlight and provides a promising approach to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
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